Fluid inclusion evidence for the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of closely linked porphyry Au, porphyry Mo, and barren systems, East Qinling, China

Abstract The Xiong’ershan district in central China hosts broadly coeval porphyry Au (Qiyugou deposit), Mo (Leimengou and barren (Huashan pluton) systems. key controls on the ore potential different mineralization styles these systems are not well understood, with first-order differences fluid chemistry melt sources being main alternatives. inclusion characteristics of all three have been studied using an integrated approach that combines field geology, petrography, microthermometry, laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry analysis single inclusions. results permit a reconstruction magmatic-hydrothermal evolution ore-forming fluids, to elucidate whether specialized hydrothermal fluids strongly enriched metals (i.e., Mo, Au, Cu) were essential form economically significant deposits. compositions across stages from Qiyugou deposit remain approximately same over time, suggesting progressive magma fractionation, fluid-rock reaction along path, mineral precipitation had limited effect composition. syn-ore stage Leimengou characterized by higher Cs/Na, Sr/Na, B/Na, but lower K/Na Cl/Na ratios, also salinities homogenization temperatures distinct earlier fluids. This demonstrates was caused second pulse input highly fractionated felsic subsequent pre-ore stage. At Huashan pluton, phase II Li/Na, Rb/Na ratios than occurring porphyritic rocks III, reflecting degree fractionation this plutonic complex. pluton does host economic which is likely low metal tenor, inefficient extraction melt, or flat-roof geometry preventing accumulation large volume apical part. tenor most contributed mantle-derived material Mg/Na, Fe/Na, Pb/Na, Zn/Na ratios. Taken together, charged steeply dipping geometry, small stocks suggest much larger chamber feeding should be present at deeper levels good for below current level exposure deposit.